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Types of anxiety disorder medication (from this source)

Medicines are a great option to treat anxiety-related symptoms.

Psychiatrists are trained extensively in the use of medications and are able to make appropriate prescriptions that reduce the risk of side effects.

Treatment for anxiety disorders is typically three-pronged, including medication, psychotherapy and exercise. SSRIs, the first option of medication to treat anxiety can take several weeks to take effect.

SSRIs

Most anxiety disorders are treated with SSRIs. The latest SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs). Several SSRIs have been FDA-approved to treat generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as well as citalopram, (aka Celexa).


These drugs boost serotonin levels in the brain. They can also help to increase norepinephrine and BDNF. They can be used by themselves or in combination with psychotherapy. SSRIs can cause nausea and digestive problems, but these effects tend to diminish when the body is accustomed to the medication.

The exact mechanism of the SSRIs' effect on anxiety is not well known. However, it is believed that they block the reuptake of serotonin from the post-synaptic neurons and increase the concentration of serotonin within the synaptic gap. This improves the signaling between the synapses, which reduces anxiety symptoms.


In addition to decreasing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and intensity of panic attacks. They can also help with depression and anxiety disorders and other mental health conditions which often co-occur with anxiety disorders.
They can be incorporated into cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy to enhance their effectiveness.

Unlike some other classes of antidepressants SSRIs do not appear to be addictive. However, it is crucial to follow your doctor's prescriptions exactly. If you stop taking your medication abruptly, this can cause "discontinuation syndrome" and a return of anxiety symptoms.


If SSRIs do not work for you, your doctor might suggest another class of antidepressants like nefazodone or mirtazapine. These drugs can also be effective, however they are more prone to the risk of adverse effects than the newer SSRIs.

SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as dairy products such as eggs, red meat, and some fruits and veggies. It is advised to avoid these foods if taking these medications. It is also recommended that you avoid drinking alcohol when you are taking SSRIs since it may cause some adverse effects.


Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemical substances within the brain and nervous system. They enhance the effects of the neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is a chemical that suppresses nerve activity. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and other mental disorders.
However they can also be addictive and should only be used for brief durations of time under medical supervision. Benzos may be harmful when taken recreationally or mixed with other drugs such as alcohol.

Medications are often the first thing that people seek out when they have an anxiety disorder however they're not the only option for treatment. Talk therapy or psychotherapy has also been proven to be an effective way to reduce anxiety symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies that can aid however the most well-known and effective is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
This kind of psychotherapy teaches you how to alter your thoughts and behaviors so that you don't feel anxious as often.

Alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, clorazepate and quazepam are the most common benzodiazepines. They all have similar chemical properties, however each has its own distinct side effects characteristic. For instance, clorazepate is more effective for treating seizures than other benzodiazepines.
Likewise, lorazepam is better for anxiety disorders than quazepam.

Although benzodiazepines can be very efficient, they aren't recommended for long-term use because they can lead to physical dependence and tolerance. They can also trigger withdrawal symptoms, like a heart pounding as well as sweating and shaking if you abruptly stop taking them.
The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for several weeks. However, they can be minimized when you reduce the medication gradually.

Benzodiazepines can be very addictive and should be taken only for a brief period of time, usually not more than 4 weeks. During this period, you'll have to be vigilant about your blood pressure and heart rate so that you don't have an extreme withdrawal reaction. If you're thinking of getting a benzodiazepine prescription, talk to your doctor about your past history of using substances.


Beta-blockers

Beta-blockers are a type of medication that helps to treat separation anxiety disorder-related symptoms. They prevent adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, preventing the hormone from triggering physical reactions like heart palpitations and tremors.
These drugs are commonly used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues, but they can also be prescribed for non-pharmacological use in cases of anxiety.

When you are feeling anxious your body releases a chemical dubbed Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds beta receptors found in the brain and heart and causes your heart to beat more quickly and triggering a variety of physical reactions.
Beta-blockers, which are the name of a class of medication that treat hypertension and other heart ailments, work by blocking the action of adrenaline on its binding which can help reduce the heart rate and blood pressure.

In contrast to SSRIs and benzodiazepines, which take weeks or months to produce a noticeable improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers can be acted upon quickly. They are a good option for those who need immediate relief from anxiety symptoms. For instance, people who are required to deliver an address to the public or travel in a plane.
Additionally, they are a good choice for people who have both anxiety and an ongoing heart condition, such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure.

Beta-blockers may reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the root causes. They are therefore only prescribed as part of an extensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle changes and counseling. They are beneficial for those who have tried anti-anxiety medication and found it to be ineffective, or had unpalatable side effects.



There are many different types of anxiety disorders kinds of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will decide which one is best medicine for generalized anxiety disorder for you depending on your medical history and overall health.
These medications can trigger side effects, such as fatigue or low blood pressure It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your physician.

MAOIs

In the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants that can treat anxiety and depression. However, they're not utilized as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due the need for strict diet restrictions and risks of drug interactions.
Certain MAOIs are administered orally in tablet form while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch applied to the skin every day.

MAOIs block the action of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters are involved in sleep, mood appetite, sexual function. MAOIs have an anti-dsm anxiety disorders effect.

However they are more likely to trigger side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and carry warnings on suicide in a box.

Your doctor may prescribe additional medicines or treatments to help manage your symptoms in addition the MAOIs listed below. For example, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is often prescribed to relieve the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor might suggest relaxation techniques or other home remedies to ease your symptoms.


The first MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during research into tuberculosis in 1952. It was soon found to have mood-elevating properties and is believed to be the first antidepressant medication. Typically, MAOIs are used when other antidepressants don't perform, as they could cause serious adverse effects that require immediate medical attention.

If you use an MAOI and consume foods containing Tyramine, a chemical found in a variety of cheeses, red meats, fish, shellfish, and some dietary supplements, it could trigger an adverse reaction that can result in high blood pressure. This serious reaction can result in an intense headache, nausea, vomiting and a fast heartbeat.
MAOIs can also interact with other medications and can cause severe side effects like suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

Your doctor will discuss your diet requirements with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. He or she will tell you to avoid eating any foods containing tyramine while taking the medication. The doctor will also give a list of foods that are safe to eat while on MAOIs.
This food guide will help you to avoid MAOI-related symptoms.